In this chapter the author beautifully explores the psychology of a young boy. I chose this chapter because I could empathise with the boy. We see the clash between the perception of the child and adults. Hidden behind the playfulness of the tone is a deep message. We see how talent is shunned down. Our society has certain stereotypes which one is expected to conform to. Innovation is regarded as ‘madness’ and ignorance as ‘bliss’.
The picture of the boa has great significance. The boa gulps down his prey without chewing it and then hibernates to digest it. This arouses great curiosity in the mind of the child. On a symbolic level the boa could represent the process of colonisation. Let’s take the process of Indian colonisation by the British. The British entered India as traders in the form of the East India Company. Through their trade practices they engulfed many regions of the country. However they put up a deceitful front. The prey, the Indians were completely oblivious of this until they were engulfed. Also the entire process was gradual and hushed. Slowly the company devoured the lower stratus of the society. The higher classes were still ignorant. It was only after they took over the entire country did they begin devouring it. Thus the process was slow and secretive but it did finely devour it to every last morsel.
The child is naïve and innocent but in this chapter he is displayed as the true seeker of knowledge. The adults have biases as to what is right and what is wrong. They do not want to look out of the box. The child tries to look beyond but he is shunned down. We don’t realise that these adults have a huge impact on the child’s life. They are the source of secondary knowledge for the child. The child is expected to learn from them. If they institutions limit a child’s scope rather then encouraging it then the child will be deprived for life. as in this book the child says that he decided to give up drawing after receiving no appreciation. We al require appreciation and encouragement. It gives us joy and pride in our work. However discouragement can really lower spirits.
Our society is like a closed system, anyone who is looks beyond it is pilled down. This has been the case for times immemorial. Pythagoras and Aristotle were considered as ‘over reachers’ and ‘dreamers’ when they proposed that the earth was round. Only a few inrellectual lot believed them and the others shunned them down. It has actually been known that the Earth was round since the time of the ancient Greeks. It was Pythagoras who first proposed that the Earth was round sometime around 500 B.C. As I recall, he based his idea on the fact that he showed the Moon must be round by observing the shape of the terminator (the line between the part of the Moon in light and the part of the Moon in the dark) as it moved through its orbital cycle. Pythagoras reasoned that if the Moon was round, then the Earth must be round as well. Around 350 BC, the great Aristotle declared that the Earth was a sphere (based on observations he made about which constellations you could see in the sky as you travelled further and further away from the equator) and during the next hundred years or so, Aristarchus and Eratosthenes actually measured the size of the Earth! However these reasons were given a deaf ear by the society. I guess it is our preconceived notions that hinder our progress. If we had revered and acknowledged the work of these men at the right time human civilisation would be even more developed.
Parents or guardians shunning down children can be the most demoralising thing ever. Eklavya’s story from Indian mythology. He was not blue blooded. He had a deep desire to learn archery from the royal teacher. He was rebuked and looked down upon by the saint. The saint rejected him and told him that he would never learn archery as it is the game of the royalty. Even though Eklavya was very rejected he still revered the teacher and learnt archery al by himself. He mastered the art single handedly without any guidance. However the saint could not reconcile with the fact that he was better then his favoured disciple Arjun (a descendent of the royal family). In order to maintain the supremacy of his disciple he asked Eklavya to give up this thumb. Thus we see that how the saint misjudged Eklavya’s potential. The stereotype that only the royal blood can learn the art of archery prevented him to appreciate talent. At the end of it all the world lost a brilliant archer.
Thus we need to look beyond our pre conceived notions. We need to appreciate and encourage. Two words of appreciation can go a long way. I hope that readers recognise the underlying pleas of the author. Under all the smiles and affability, humour and innocence lie the grey areas of human existence that we conveniently chose to ignore.
Thursday, April 30, 2009
Tuesday, April 28, 2009
reflection - Answers to questions about inuition
Intuition is a strong gut feeling of the happening of an event that is proven right. It is subjective and is a strong assertion in the mind of an individual in the happening of an event.
What is obvious to you may not be obvious to me. We all have different perceptions and parameters of judgement. Let’s take the example of the Brutus and Cassius in the play Julius Caesar. Cassius had a strong gut feeling that the army should stay in their positions and wait for the enemies to attack. He justified his intuition by trying to analyse the psychology of his opponents. His intuition seemed to be proving right and very obvious however Brutus failed to understand it. He advocated the army to descend to Philippines and launch the attack. They both belonged to the same army; Cassius’s predictions were seemingly true. His predictions of the warring of the were already proven right thus his intuition was already half justified beyond doubt, yet Brutus’s impaired judgement came in the way of the right decision.
‘Intuitively obvious’, this phrase startles me. Are we measuring the degree to which we believe in the happening of an event? It is difficult to quantify it, however when the intuition persists for long and maybe they have been proven right in the past then it may be safe to consider it. However we cannot form our beliefs because something is ‘intuitively obvious’. Intuitions are more than often governed by emotions and perceptions. However an intuition should be proven right to qualify it as a belief. For example the Indian prime minister in the 1990’s Mr Vajpayee had a strong gut feeling that he assumed to be’ intuitively obvious’ that the Pakistanis will not attack India. Despite the recurring threats and intelligence information he did not adequately prepare the defence of the country. However he was proven wrong, Pakistan attacked India and the Kargil war took place. Thus we see that his gut feeling was proven wrong. Thus intuitions are often proven wrong and one must not become laid back and base his/her actions on the basis of something that is intuitively obvious.
To make a generalisation that more knowledgeable or successful people would have better intuitions is a bias but I guess that is how human mentality functions. Stock trading is often based on intuitions. The data, stocks availability, future predictions are often based on intuitions. Some broker may just say that “I think the market will fall next summer’ without any justification. Thus if I have to buy shares I will go to amore successful broker rather than an unsuccessful one. Even if the unsuccessful lawyer gives me concrete reasons as to how and why the share price would change and the successful lawyer just says that he feels that this is what will happen I will trust him. This is so because he has become so successful after taking these calculated risks. I assume that he knows how to distinguish when something is intuitively obvious and when it is just a gut feeling.
Thus intuitions are subjective. They are crucial in the development of man. Every scientific discovery first starts with an intuition. However an intuition has to be proven right. Thus we must learn know how to distinguish between gut feelings and intuitions and not reach conclusions without formal proof.
What is obvious to you may not be obvious to me. We all have different perceptions and parameters of judgement. Let’s take the example of the Brutus and Cassius in the play Julius Caesar. Cassius had a strong gut feeling that the army should stay in their positions and wait for the enemies to attack. He justified his intuition by trying to analyse the psychology of his opponents. His intuition seemed to be proving right and very obvious however Brutus failed to understand it. He advocated the army to descend to Philippines and launch the attack. They both belonged to the same army; Cassius’s predictions were seemingly true. His predictions of the warring of the were already proven right thus his intuition was already half justified beyond doubt, yet Brutus’s impaired judgement came in the way of the right decision.
‘Intuitively obvious’, this phrase startles me. Are we measuring the degree to which we believe in the happening of an event? It is difficult to quantify it, however when the intuition persists for long and maybe they have been proven right in the past then it may be safe to consider it. However we cannot form our beliefs because something is ‘intuitively obvious’. Intuitions are more than often governed by emotions and perceptions. However an intuition should be proven right to qualify it as a belief. For example the Indian prime minister in the 1990’s Mr Vajpayee had a strong gut feeling that he assumed to be’ intuitively obvious’ that the Pakistanis will not attack India. Despite the recurring threats and intelligence information he did not adequately prepare the defence of the country. However he was proven wrong, Pakistan attacked India and the Kargil war took place. Thus we see that his gut feeling was proven wrong. Thus intuitions are often proven wrong and one must not become laid back and base his/her actions on the basis of something that is intuitively obvious.
To make a generalisation that more knowledgeable or successful people would have better intuitions is a bias but I guess that is how human mentality functions. Stock trading is often based on intuitions. The data, stocks availability, future predictions are often based on intuitions. Some broker may just say that “I think the market will fall next summer’ without any justification. Thus if I have to buy shares I will go to amore successful broker rather than an unsuccessful one. Even if the unsuccessful lawyer gives me concrete reasons as to how and why the share price would change and the successful lawyer just says that he feels that this is what will happen I will trust him. This is so because he has become so successful after taking these calculated risks. I assume that he knows how to distinguish when something is intuitively obvious and when it is just a gut feeling.
Thus intuitions are subjective. They are crucial in the development of man. Every scientific discovery first starts with an intuition. However an intuition has to be proven right. Thus we must learn know how to distinguish between gut feelings and intuitions and not reach conclusions without formal proof.
knowledge @ work- 5
Fear! This is a strong emotion that compels men to react in different ways. However fear is something very subjective. What is fearful to you may seem a thrill to me. The fear of the unknown has always driven men.
The forbidden fruit is always the sweetest. This fact dates back to the origin of mankind as stated in the sacred bible. Adam and Eve were dwellers in heaven. They were aware of the forbidden apple and its curse. However Adam’s naïve and insatiate soul of a youth could not conform to the rules. Even though he knew he would face horrible consequences he still went on to eat the forbidden apple. Thus Adam and Eve were banished from heaven and exiled to earth to lead the life of mortals. This is the case of the world’s youth. Smoking, drinking and drugs, everyone knows it is bad. No one is oblivious of its harmful impacts on health. However the thrill generated to break the law is what drives them. I would like to link this news article to another breaking news that took place in the year 2008. Another juvenile from Bombay Scottish School in Mumbai, India was surfing the net. Out of all the sources of entertainment his friends decided to play a game which taught you ways to kill yourself. This was an online game which gave detailed descriptions as to how one can kill himself. there were clear warnings as to how dangerous the game would be but the boy was lured. He wanted to ‘try it himself’ to overcome the ‘unknown’. These are the key factors that drive people. He played the game and ended up losing his life. Thus we see how we consciously prepare our own undoing.
Concluding I would not call avoiding smoking fear. Choosing not to smoke or drink is a rational decision taken when a youth develops the ability to over power his insecure, insatiate emotions and do the best for himself. And also I am not advocating baning smoking or drinking. What I want to say is that one must learn how to rationally distinguish between right and wrong and learn one’s limits. However this is a task few can accomplish. Attractions are always there. People may say that as knowers we should try things ourselves to know if it is right or wrong. Alcohol is not bad for responsible drinker but excessive consumptions is harmful and this is a belief beyond reasonable doubt. There are abundant scientific facts to prove this but they are often overlooked. Sometimes it takes more courage and self control to avenge this luring and make a rational choice .
The forbidden fruit is always the sweetest. This fact dates back to the origin of mankind as stated in the sacred bible. Adam and Eve were dwellers in heaven. They were aware of the forbidden apple and its curse. However Adam’s naïve and insatiate soul of a youth could not conform to the rules. Even though he knew he would face horrible consequences he still went on to eat the forbidden apple. Thus Adam and Eve were banished from heaven and exiled to earth to lead the life of mortals. This is the case of the world’s youth. Smoking, drinking and drugs, everyone knows it is bad. No one is oblivious of its harmful impacts on health. However the thrill generated to break the law is what drives them. I would like to link this news article to another breaking news that took place in the year 2008. Another juvenile from Bombay Scottish School in Mumbai, India was surfing the net. Out of all the sources of entertainment his friends decided to play a game which taught you ways to kill yourself. This was an online game which gave detailed descriptions as to how one can kill himself. there were clear warnings as to how dangerous the game would be but the boy was lured. He wanted to ‘try it himself’ to overcome the ‘unknown’. These are the key factors that drive people. He played the game and ended up losing his life. Thus we see how we consciously prepare our own undoing.
Concluding I would not call avoiding smoking fear. Choosing not to smoke or drink is a rational decision taken when a youth develops the ability to over power his insecure, insatiate emotions and do the best for himself. And also I am not advocating baning smoking or drinking. What I want to say is that one must learn how to rationally distinguish between right and wrong and learn one’s limits. However this is a task few can accomplish. Attractions are always there. People may say that as knowers we should try things ourselves to know if it is right or wrong. Alcohol is not bad for responsible drinker but excessive consumptions is harmful and this is a belief beyond reasonable doubt. There are abundant scientific facts to prove this but they are often overlooked. Sometimes it takes more courage and self control to avenge this luring and make a rational choice .
Tuesday, April 21, 2009
reflection- the 'emotional trap' or the 'trapped emotions' ????
We call ourselves the superior race. Our rationale is what distinguishes us from the brute. But are we really the ‘knowers’ the ‘thinkers’. Time and again our actions betray the logical and rational perspective. We have evolved and have acquired the power to reason, however the primitive, irrational, emotional and impulsive character is still deep imbedded in our system. If not in deliberative thinking, it is deep rooted in our stream of consciousness. This stream often deviates us from the archetypal ‘intellectual’ and we behave like ‘emotional fools’. When a man steps on a snake it stings him. The snake does not bother to verify that whether the action was intentional or a mere mistake. It is an external stimulus that is perceived as a threat. It creates fear and induces the snake to react. Same is the case with men. If we see a dark bearded Muslim man, in a grim alley, walking with a packet hidden under his crouch in most cases he would appear suspicious. People would abandon the place he strides on. No one would think that may be the packet under his crouch has medicines that he is protecting from the rain, or he’s wearing the rugged black rag because he can afford no better.
We all have biases driven solely by emotions. Lets take the example of Dr Lynd in the book ‘A Grain of Wheat’ by Ngugi Wa Thiongo. She was assaulted by her houseboy, Koina; during the Mau- Mau movement. The houseboy had betrayed her trust. He even killed the her dog, whom he had shared a strong bond with. The ferocious expression on Koina’s face was imprinted in Lynd’s mind. It generated fear, distrust and hatred in her. She began to believe that all Africans are murderous, blood thirsty traitors. Many years later when she sees Karanja, a labourer, holding a stoine at her dog she fires him. She does not bother to investigate as to what had actually happened. She did not believe a word that Karanja said. The truth was that the her dog had chased Karanja. As means of self preservation he held a stone at him. However doctor Lynd was blinded from the truth. She did not believe him because he was an African. Her fallacious reasoning was that since all the Africans are rutheless, murderous people not worthy of trust and since Karanja was an African he is a traitor to. She completely disregarded the fact that Karanja had devoted his life in the service of the British. She rebuked him publically and expressed her views vehemently with great agony and rancour to Thompson a fellow colleague.
Thus this is a classic example were powerful emotions override our rational. They superimpose on all other ways of knowing and close doors to any alternative argument. We form bias perceptions which lead to fallacious reasoning. These feelings get imbedded in our nature. They are like inflammable hydrogen that can create fire with no sparks. Thus it when we learn how tame these emotions can we call ourselves ‘the superior race’.
We all have biases driven solely by emotions. Lets take the example of Dr Lynd in the book ‘A Grain of Wheat’ by Ngugi Wa Thiongo. She was assaulted by her houseboy, Koina; during the Mau- Mau movement. The houseboy had betrayed her trust. He even killed the her dog, whom he had shared a strong bond with. The ferocious expression on Koina’s face was imprinted in Lynd’s mind. It generated fear, distrust and hatred in her. She began to believe that all Africans are murderous, blood thirsty traitors. Many years later when she sees Karanja, a labourer, holding a stoine at her dog she fires him. She does not bother to investigate as to what had actually happened. She did not believe a word that Karanja said. The truth was that the her dog had chased Karanja. As means of self preservation he held a stone at him. However doctor Lynd was blinded from the truth. She did not believe him because he was an African. Her fallacious reasoning was that since all the Africans are rutheless, murderous people not worthy of trust and since Karanja was an African he is a traitor to. She completely disregarded the fact that Karanja had devoted his life in the service of the British. She rebuked him publically and expressed her views vehemently with great agony and rancour to Thompson a fellow colleague.
Thus this is a classic example were powerful emotions override our rational. They superimpose on all other ways of knowing and close doors to any alternative argument. We form bias perceptions which lead to fallacious reasoning. These feelings get imbedded in our nature. They are like inflammable hydrogen that can create fire with no sparks. Thus it when we learn how tame these emotions can we call ourselves ‘the superior race’.
reflection- the 'emotional trap' or the 'trapped emotions' ????
We call ourselves the superior race. Our rationale is what distinguishes us from the brute. But are we really the ‘knowers’ the ‘thinkers’. Time and again our actions betray the logical and rational perspective. We have evolved and have acquired the power to reason, however the primitive, irrational, emotional and impulsive character is still deep imbedded in our system. If not in deliberative thinking, it is deep rooted in our stream of consciousness. This stream often deviates us from the archetypal ‘intellectual’ and we behave like ‘emotional fools’. When a man steps on a snake it stings him. The snake does not bother to verify that whether the action was intentional or a mere mistake. It is an external stimulus that is perceived as a threat. It creates fear and induces the snake to react. Same is the case with men. If we see a dark bearded Muslim man, in a grim alley, walking with a packet hidden under his crouch in most cases he would appear suspicious. People would abandon the place he strides on. No one would think that may be the packet under his crouch has medicines that he is protecting from the rain, or he’s wearing the rugged black rag because he can afford no better.
We all have biases driven solely by emotions. Lets take the example of Dr Lynd in the book ‘A Grain of Wheat’ by Ngugi Wa Thiongo. She was assaulted by her houseboy, Koina; during the Mau- Mau movement. The houseboy had betrayed her trust. He even killed the her dog, whom he had shared a strong bond with. The ferocious expression on Koina’s face was imprinted in Lynd’s mind. It generated fear, distrust and hatred in her. She began to believe that all Africans are murderous, blood thirsty traitors. Many years later when she sees Karanja, a labourer, holding a stoine at her dog she fires him. She does not bother to investigate as to what had actually happened. She did not believe a word that Karanja said. The truth was that the her dog had chased Karanja. As means of self preservation he held a stone at him. However doctor Lynd was blinded from the truth. She did not believe him because he was an African. Her fallacious reasoning was that since all the Africans are rutheless, murderous people not worthy of trust and since Karanja was an African he is a traitor to. She completely disregarded the fact that Karanja had devoted his life in the service of the British. She rebuked him publically and expressed her views vehemently with great agony and rancour to Thompson a fellow colleague.
Thus this is a classic example were powerful emotions override our rational. They superimpose on all other ways of knowing and close doors to any alternative argument. We form bias perceptions which lead to fallacious reasoning. These feelings get imbedded in our nature. They are like inflammable hydrogen that can create fire with no sparks. Thus it when we learn how tame these emotions can we call ourselves ‘the superior race’.
We all have biases driven solely by emotions. Lets take the example of Dr Lynd in the book ‘A Grain of Wheat’ by Ngugi Wa Thiongo. She was assaulted by her houseboy, Koina; during the Mau- Mau movement. The houseboy had betrayed her trust. He even killed the her dog, whom he had shared a strong bond with. The ferocious expression on Koina’s face was imprinted in Lynd’s mind. It generated fear, distrust and hatred in her. She began to believe that all Africans are murderous, blood thirsty traitors. Many years later when she sees Karanja, a labourer, holding a stoine at her dog she fires him. She does not bother to investigate as to what had actually happened. She did not believe a word that Karanja said. The truth was that the her dog had chased Karanja. As means of self preservation he held a stone at him. However doctor Lynd was blinded from the truth. She did not believe him because he was an African. Her fallacious reasoning was that since all the Africans are rutheless, murderous people not worthy of trust and since Karanja was an African he is a traitor to. She completely disregarded the fact that Karanja had devoted his life in the service of the British. She rebuked him publically and expressed her views vehemently with great agony and rancour to Thompson a fellow colleague.
Thus this is a classic example were powerful emotions override our rational. They superimpose on all other ways of knowing and close doors to any alternative argument. We form bias perceptions which lead to fallacious reasoning. These feelings get imbedded in our nature. They are like inflammable hydrogen that can create fire with no sparks. Thus it when we learn how tame these emotions can we call ourselves ‘the superior race’.
knowledge @ work 4
THE ASMI ADVERTISEMENT
This advertisement has great aesthetic beauty. It has a visual appeal. It talks about the longevity of the life of a diamond. This appeals to our emotions and develops a feeling of security. Diamonds are always associated with beauty, and this advertisement stands up to the standards. However the question is that are we looking for the security we find in that stone or its beauty?
The thing that startles me the most about such advertisements is that we don’t know if the advertisement is looking good because of the product or the model selling it. Why can’t they use a simple, average looking woman? I guess that is the fallacy of man. The company is only catering to this fallacy. We only like truth in its sugar coated gilded form. When we go to a five star, more then often the food is identical to home food or a very ordinary preparation. What makes it attractive is the arrangement, the lavish ambience and the luring atmosphere. Here we tend to loose our rational. We pay ten times the price for the same preparation.
Diamonds have great symbolism to human life. Uncut diamonds are like spare moments. Discard them and their value will never be known. Improve them and they will become the brightest gems in a useful life. Internally diamonds nothing more than chunks of coal. Also according to the bible men are nothing but dust. As John Webster said, “Whether we fall by ambition, blood, or lust, like diamonds we are cut with our own dust.” Thus this proves that only perseverance and hardships can produce beautiful form. Even iron, it can only be moulded once it is smelted in hot furnaces. We see the riches but never bother to appreciate the path in which they were achieved. The only time we realise the value of diamonds is when we have to pay for them. Why has everything become so monetary and superficial? People only see the product, if it is good they accept it and if it does not satisfy their demand it is worthless. The toil gone in producing the product is insignificant.
This advertisement talks about the longevity of the life of diamonds. In this uncertain life, we are always searching for certainty. I guess the catch line ‘diamonds are forever’ satisfies this need. These insecure emotions have always been exploited as a means to appeal to the mob. Security is a universal feeling that everyone yearns for. Why did the people of Germany feel under care of Hitler? He gave them belief in the strength of Germany. The country had just come out of a shattering world war. The treaty if Versailles had disillusioned them. In such scenario they had become fragile and insecure. Hitler purged their need and provided them certainties in the future and the people succumbed under his power. But my question is, are diamonds forever? Does anything last forever? The reason that diamonds never die is not a reason enough to say diamonds are forever. It is an argument ad ignorantium, where if you cannot prove the death of diamonds so they live forever. But they could get lost. Few new mines discovered and the prices would fall. It is really not forever. According to the black hole theory nothing lasts forever, everything is sucked into the black hole. So why don’t we devote our resources for other more pious deeds like charity rather than just satisfying our insecurity and aesthetic needs.
Thus we see that the advertisement is a successful promotional tool but we as knower’s need to see beyond the attractive model and understand the value of the diamond. It is not just a piece of stone; it is a symbol of human life.
This advertisement has great aesthetic beauty. It has a visual appeal. It talks about the longevity of the life of a diamond. This appeals to our emotions and develops a feeling of security. Diamonds are always associated with beauty, and this advertisement stands up to the standards. However the question is that are we looking for the security we find in that stone or its beauty?
The thing that startles me the most about such advertisements is that we don’t know if the advertisement is looking good because of the product or the model selling it. Why can’t they use a simple, average looking woman? I guess that is the fallacy of man. The company is only catering to this fallacy. We only like truth in its sugar coated gilded form. When we go to a five star, more then often the food is identical to home food or a very ordinary preparation. What makes it attractive is the arrangement, the lavish ambience and the luring atmosphere. Here we tend to loose our rational. We pay ten times the price for the same preparation.
Diamonds have great symbolism to human life. Uncut diamonds are like spare moments. Discard them and their value will never be known. Improve them and they will become the brightest gems in a useful life. Internally diamonds nothing more than chunks of coal. Also according to the bible men are nothing but dust. As John Webster said, “Whether we fall by ambition, blood, or lust, like diamonds we are cut with our own dust.” Thus this proves that only perseverance and hardships can produce beautiful form. Even iron, it can only be moulded once it is smelted in hot furnaces. We see the riches but never bother to appreciate the path in which they were achieved. The only time we realise the value of diamonds is when we have to pay for them. Why has everything become so monetary and superficial? People only see the product, if it is good they accept it and if it does not satisfy their demand it is worthless. The toil gone in producing the product is insignificant.
This advertisement talks about the longevity of the life of diamonds. In this uncertain life, we are always searching for certainty. I guess the catch line ‘diamonds are forever’ satisfies this need. These insecure emotions have always been exploited as a means to appeal to the mob. Security is a universal feeling that everyone yearns for. Why did the people of Germany feel under care of Hitler? He gave them belief in the strength of Germany. The country had just come out of a shattering world war. The treaty if Versailles had disillusioned them. In such scenario they had become fragile and insecure. Hitler purged their need and provided them certainties in the future and the people succumbed under his power. But my question is, are diamonds forever? Does anything last forever? The reason that diamonds never die is not a reason enough to say diamonds are forever. It is an argument ad ignorantium, where if you cannot prove the death of diamonds so they live forever. But they could get lost. Few new mines discovered and the prices would fall. It is really not forever. According to the black hole theory nothing lasts forever, everything is sucked into the black hole. So why don’t we devote our resources for other more pious deeds like charity rather than just satisfying our insecurity and aesthetic needs.
Thus we see that the advertisement is a successful promotional tool but we as knower’s need to see beyond the attractive model and understand the value of the diamond. It is not just a piece of stone; it is a symbol of human life.
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